The core step of autophagy involves nucleation of the isolation membrane and its expansion and closure into the double-membrane autophagosome. As the isolation membrane expands into an autophagosome, its outer and inner surfaces are closely apposed to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The associated ER also interconnects with the isolation membrane, mainly at its growing edges, via thin tubular membrane extensions. These ER–isolation membrane associations are collectively referred to as ER–isolation membrane contacts. ER–isolation membrane contact formation is mediated by multiple tethering complexes, which may be differentially employed at different locations of the isolation membrane and different stages of autophagosome biogenesis. The main tethering mechanism involves the interaction of the integral ER proteins VAPA and VAPB (VAPs) with the FIP200–ULK1 complex, FIP200–ULK1 with one of the WD40-repeat-containing PI3P-binding proteins (WIPIs), and WIPIs with the core autophagy protein ATG2 (Zhao et al., 2017; 2018).
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Lipid transfer at ER–isolation membrane contacts, Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio, 15 Jan 2020
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 15 January, 2020，DOI：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-020-0212-5
Lipid transfer at ER–isolation membrane contacts
Hong Zhang
Abstract
The core step of autophagy involves nucleation of the isolation membrane and its expansion and closure into the double-membrane autophagosome. As the isolation membrane expands into an autophagosome, its outer and inner surfaces are closely apposed to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The associated ER also interconnects with the isolation membrane, mainly at its growing edges, via thin tubular membrane extensions. These ER–isolation membrane associations are collectively referred to as ER–isolation membrane contacts. ER–isolation membrane contact formation is mediated by multiple tethering complexes, which may be differentially employed at different locations of the isolation membrane and different stages of autophagosome biogenesis. The main tethering mechanism involves the interaction of the integral ER proteins VAPA and VAPB (VAPs) with the FIP200–ULK1 complex, FIP200–ULK1 with one of the WD40-repeat-containing PI3P-binding proteins (WIPIs), and WIPIs with the core autophagy protein ATG2 (Zhao et al., 2017; 2018).
文章链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-020-0212-5